{"id":1962,"date":"2020-07-12T07:49:37","date_gmt":"2020-07-12T07:49:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/spazma.ir\/?p=1962"},"modified":"2020-08-31T09:34:23","modified_gmt":"2020-08-31T09:34:23","slug":"bitumen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spazma.ir\/en\/bitumen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u06cc\u0631 (Bitumen)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\">\u0642\u06cc\u0631 (Bitumen)<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>\u0642\u06cc\u0631\u00a0\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0648\u00a0\u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u00a0\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u00a0\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0642\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u062a\u00a0\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u00a0\u0622\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u00a0\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0627\u06af\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<p>1. \u0642\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0641\u062a\u06cc: \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0642\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u0637\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>2. \u0642\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc: \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0637\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u06af \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>3. \u0642\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc: \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0642\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u06cc \u0648 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0637\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f. (\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0686\u0647 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0646)<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u06cc\u0631\u00a0 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647 (Air Blowing Asphalt):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u063a \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u063a \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0 \u062a\u0627 \u06f3\u06f0\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062e\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u00a0\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0646\u00a0\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631\u00a0\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u00a0\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u00a0\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0698\u0646\u00a0\u0647\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0622\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u00a0\u0628\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0634\u00a0\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f.\u00a0\u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u00a0\u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0628\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 (Bitumen Cutback):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/vcmstudy.ir\/%d9%86%d9%81%d8%aa-%d8%b3%d9%81%db%8c%d8%af%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%ae%d8%aa-%d8%ac%d8%aa-kerosene\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0646\u0641\u062a \u0633\u0641\u06cc\u062f<\/a>\u00a0\u06cc\u0627\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/vcmstudy.ir\/%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%b2%db%8c%d9%86-gasoline\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0628\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0646<\/a>) \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u200c\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0622\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634\u06cc\u00a0\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 (Emulsion Bitumen):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0647 (\u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646) \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u062f. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0645 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06f0\u066b\u06f3 \u062a\u0627 \u06f0\u066b\u06f5 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06f3\u06f0 \u062a\u0627 \u06f5\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0633\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0622\u0628 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06f6\u06f5 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0631\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.\u00a0\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u062a \u0642\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062c \u062a\u0642\u0637\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0621 (Vacuum Residue) \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0622\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646 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\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- 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\\u0627\\u0633\\u062a.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>\\u062f\\u0631 \\u06cc\\u06a9 \\u062f\\u0633\\u062a\\u0647 \\u0628\\u0646\\u062f\\u06cc \\u06a9\\u0644\\u06cc \\u0645\\u06cc \\u062a\\u0648\\u0627\\u0646 \\u0645\\u0646\\u0627\\u0628\\u0639 \\u0627\\u0648\\u0644\\u06cc\\u0647 \\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u0631\\u0627 \\u0628\\u0647 \\u0633\\u0647 \\u062f\\u0633\\u062a\\u0647 \\u0632\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u062a\\u0642\\u0633\\u06cc\\u0645 \\u0628\\u0646\\u062f\\u06cc \\u0646\\u0645\\u0648\\u062f:<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>1. \\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631\\u0647\\u0627\\u06cc \\u0646\\u0641\\u062a\\u06cc: \\u0622\\u0646 \\u062f\\u0633\\u062a\\u0647 \\u0627\\u0632 \\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631\\u0647\\u0627\\u06cc\\u06cc \\u0647\\u0633\\u062a\\u0646\\u062f \\u06a9\\u0647 \\u0645\\u0646\\u0634\\u0627 \\u0622\\u0646\\u0647\\u0627 \\u0646\\u0641\\u062a \\u062e\\u0627\\u0645 \\u0645\\u06cc \\u0628\\u0627\\u0634\\u062f. \\u0627\\u06cc\\u0646 \\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631\\u0647\\u0627\\u060c \\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631\\u0647\\u0627\\u06cc \\u062c\\u0627\\u0645\\u062f \\u0648 \\u0646\\u06cc\\u0645\\u0647 \\u062c\\u0627\\u0645\\u062f\\u06cc \\u0647\\u0633\\u062a\\u0646\\u062f \\u06a9\\u0647 \\u0628\\u0647 \\u0637\\u0648\\u0631 \\u0645\\u0633\\u062a\\u0642\\u06cc\\u0645 \\u0627\\u0632 \\u062a\\u0642\\u0637\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u0646\\u0641\\u062a \\u062e\\u0627\\u0645 \\u0648 \\u0627\\u0646\\u062c\\u0627\\u0645 \\u0639\\u0645\\u0644\\u06cc\\u0627\\u062a \\u0647\\u0627\\u06cc \\u062a\\u06a9\\u0645\\u06cc\\u0644\\u06cc \\u062f\\u0631 \\u0648\\u0627\\u062d\\u062f\\u0647\\u0627\\u06cc \\u062a\\u0648\\u0644\\u06cc\\u062f\\u06cc \\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u0628\\u062f\\u0633\\u062a \\u0645\\u06cc \\u0622\\u06cc\\u062f.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>2. \\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631\\u0647\\u0627\\u06cc \\u0642\\u0637\\u0631\\u0627\\u0646\\u06cc: \\u0645\\u0648\\u0627\\u062f\\u06cc \\u0633\\u06cc\\u0627\\u0647 \\u0631\\u0646\\u06af \\u0648 \\u0633\\u062e\\u062a \\u0647\\u0633\\u062a\\u0646\\u062f \\u06a9\\u0647 \\u0628\\u0627\\u0642\\u06cc\\u0645\\u0627\\u0646\\u062f\\u0647 \\u062a\\u0642\\u0637\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u0642\\u0637\\u0631\\u0627\\u0646 \\u0632\\u063a\\u0627\\u0644 \\u0633\\u0646\\u06af \\u0645\\u06cc \\u0628\\u0627\\u0634\\u0646\\u062f.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>3. \\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631\\u0647\\u0627\\u06cc \\u0637\\u0628\\u06cc\\u0639\\u06cc: \\u062f\\u0633\\u062a\\u0647 \\u0627\\u06cc \\u0627\\u0632 \\u0645\\u0648\\u0627\\u062f \\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631\\u06cc \\u0647\\u0633\\u062a\\u0646\\u062f \\u06a9\\u0647 \\u062a\\u062d\\u062a \\u062a\\u0627\\u062b\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u0639\\u0648\\u0627\\u0645\\u0644 \\u062c\\u0648\\u06cc \\u0648 \\u06af\\u0630\\u0634\\u062a \\u0632\\u0645\\u0627\\u0646 \\u0628\\u0647 \\u0637\\u0648\\u0631 \\u0637\\u0628\\u06cc\\u0639\\u06cc \\u0627\\u06cc\\u062c\\u0627\\u062f \\u0634\\u062f\\u0647 \\u0648 \\u0628\\u062f\\u0648\\u0646 \\u0646\\u06cc\\u0627\\u0632 \\u0628\\u0647 \\u0631\\u0648\\u0634 \\u0647\\u0627\\u06cc \\u062a\\u0642\\u0637\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u0628\\u0647 \\u06a9\\u0627\\u0631 \\u0645\\u06cc \\u0631\\u0648\\u0646\\u062f. (\\u062f\\u0631\\u06cc\\u0627\\u0686\\u0647 \\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u0628\\u0647\\u0628\\u0647\\u0627\\u0646)<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>\\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631\\u0647\\u0627\\u06cc \\u062e\\u0627\\u0644\\u0635 \\u0647\\u0645\\u0686\\u0646\\u06cc\\u0646 \\u0628\\u0631\\u0627\\u06cc \\u0627\\u06cc\\u0646\\u06a9\\u0647 \\u062e\\u0648\\u0627\\u0635 \\u0645\\u0648\\u0631\\u062f \\u0646\\u0638\\u0631 \\u0628\\u0631\\u0627\\u06cc \\u06a9\\u0627\\u0631\\u0628\\u0631\\u062f\\u0647\\u0627\\u06cc \\u0645\\u062e\\u062a\\u0644\\u0641 \\u0631\\u0627 \\u067e\\u06cc\\u062f\\u0627 \\u06a9\\u0646\\u0646\\u062f\\u060c \\u062a\\u062d\\u062a \\u0641\\u0631\\u0627\\u06cc\\u0646\\u062f\\u0647\\u0627\\u06cc \\u062f\\u06cc\\u06af\\u0631 \\u0642\\u0631\\u0627\\u0631 \\u0645\\u06cc\\u200c\\u06af\\u06cc\\u0631\\u0646\\u062f \\u0648 \\u0627\\u0646\\u0648\\u0627\\u0639 \\u0645\\u062e\\u062a\\u0644\\u0641 \\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631\\u00a0 \\u062f\\u0631 \\u0627\\u062f\\u0627\\u0645\\u0647 \\u0628\\u06cc\\u0627\\u0646 \\u0634\\u062f\\u0647 \\u0627\\u0633\\u062a:<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><strong>\\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u062f\\u0645\\u06cc\\u062f\\u0647 (Air Blowing Asphalt):<\\\/strong><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>\\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u062f\\u0645\\u06cc\\u062f\\u0647 \\u0627\\u0632 \\u062f\\u0645\\u06cc\\u062f\\u0646 \\u0647\\u0648\\u0627\\u06cc \\u062f\\u0627\\u063a \\u0628\\u0647 \\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u062e\\u0627\\u0644\\u0635 \\u062f\\u0631 \\u0645\\u0631\\u062d\\u0644\\u0647 \\u0622\\u062e\\u0631 \\u0639\\u0645\\u0644 \\u062a\\u0635\\u0641\\u06cc\\u0647 \\u0628\\u0647 \\u062f\\u0633\\u062a \\u0645\\u06cc\\u200c\\u0622\\u06cc\\u062f. \\u062f\\u0631 \\u0627\\u06cc\\u0646 \\u0641\\u0631\\u0627\\u06cc\\u0646\\u062f\\u060c \\u0647\\u0648\\u0627\\u06cc \\u062f\\u0627\\u063a \\u0628\\u0627 \\u062f\\u0645\\u0627\\u06cc \\u06f2\\u06f0\\u06f0 \\u062a\\u0627 \\u06f3\\u06f0\\u06f0 \\u062f\\u0631\\u062c\\u0647 \\u0633\\u0627\\u0646\\u062a\\u06cc\\u200c\\u06af\\u0631\\u0627\\u062f \\u062a\\u0648\\u0633\\u0637 \\u0644\\u0648\\u0644\\u0647\\u200c\\u0647\\u0627\\u06cc \\u0633\\u0648\\u0631\\u0627\\u062e\\u200c\\u062f\\u0627\\u0631 \\u0628\\u0647 \\u0645\\u062d\\u0641\\u0638\\u0647 \\u062d\\u0627\\u0648\\u06cc \\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u062f\\u0645\\u06cc\\u062f\\u0647 \\u0645\\u06cc\\u200c\\u0634\\u0648\\u062f. \\u062f\\u0631 \\u0627\\u062b\\u0631 \\u0627\\u0646\\u062c\\u0627\\u0645 \\u0627\\u06cc\\u0646 \\u0641\\u0631\\u0627\\u06cc\\u0646\\u062f\\u060c \\u0627\\u062a\\u0645\\u200c\\u0647\\u0627\\u06cc\\u00a0\\u0647\\u06cc\\u062f\\u0631\\u0648\\u0698\\u0646\\u00a0\\u0645\\u0648\\u062c\\u0648\\u062f \\u062f\\u0631\\u00a0\\u0645\\u0648\\u0644\\u06a9\\u0648\\u0644 \\u0647\\u0627\\u06cc\\u00a0\\u0647\\u06cc\\u062f\\u0631\\u0648\\u06a9\\u0631\\u0628\\u0648\\u0631\\u0647\\u0627\\u06cc \\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631\\u060c \\u0628\\u0627\\u00a0\\u0627\\u06a9\\u0633\\u06cc\\u0698\\u0646\\u00a0\\u0647\\u0648\\u0627 \\u062a\\u0631\\u06a9\\u06cc\\u0628 \\u0645\\u06cc\\u200c\\u0634\\u0648\\u062f \\u0648 \\u0628\\u0627 \\u062a\\u0634\\u06a9\\u06cc\\u0644 \\u0622\\u0628\\u060c \\u0639\\u0645\\u0644\\u00a0\\u0628\\u0633\\u067e\\u0627\\u0631\\u0634\\u00a0\\u0627\\u062a\\u0641\\u0627\\u0642 \\u0645\\u06cc\\u200c\\u0627\\u0641\\u062a\\u062f.\\u00a0\\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u062f\\u0645\\u06cc\\u062f\\u0647 \\u0646\\u0633\\u0628\\u062a \\u0628\\u0647 \\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u062e\\u0627\\u0644\\u0635 \\u062f\\u0627\\u0631\\u0627\\u06cc \\u062f\\u0631\\u062c\\u0647 \\u0646\\u0641\\u0648\\u0630 \\u00a0\\u06a9\\u0645\\u062a\\u0631\\u06cc \\u0648 \\u062f\\u0631\\u062c\\u0647 \\u0646\\u0631\\u0645\\u06cc \\u0628\\u06cc\\u0634\\u062a\\u0631\\u06cc \\u062f\\u0627\\u0631\\u062f \\u0648 \\u062d\\u0633\\u0627\\u0633\\u06cc\\u062a \\u06a9\\u0645 \\u062a\\u0631\\u06cc \\u0646\\u0633\\u0628\\u062a \\u0628\\u0647 \\u062a\\u063a\\u06cc\\u06cc\\u0631\\u0627\\u062a \\u062f\\u0645\\u0627 \\u062f\\u0627\\u0631\\u062f. \\u0627\\u06cc\\u0646 \\u0646\\u0648\\u0639 \\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u0628\\u06cc\\u0634\\u062a\\u0631 \\u062f\\u0631 \\u0633\\u0627\\u062e\\u062a\\u0646 \\u0648\\u0631\\u0642\\u200c\\u0647\\u0627\\u06cc \\u067e\\u0648\\u0634\\u0634 \\u0628\\u0627\\u0645\\u060c \\u0628\\u0627\\u062a\\u0631\\u06cc \\u0627\\u062a\\u0648\\u0645\\u0628\\u06cc\\u0644 \\u0648 \\u0627\\u0646\\u062f\\u0648\\u062f\\u06a9\\u0627\\u0631\\u06cc \\u0645\\u0648\\u0631\\u062f \\u0627\\u0633\\u062a\\u0641\\u0627\\u062f\\u0647 \\u0642\\u0631\\u0627\\u0631 \\u0645\\u06cc\\u200c\\u06af\\u06cc\\u0631\\u062f.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><strong>\\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u0645\\u062d\\u0644\\u0648\\u0644 (Bitumen Cutback):<\\\/strong><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>\\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u0645\\u062d\\u0644\\u0648\\u0644 \\u0628\\u0647 \\u0645\\u062e\\u0644\\u0648\\u0637\\u06cc \\u0627\\u0632 \\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u0648 \\u06cc\\u06a9 \\u062d\\u0644\\u0627\\u0644 \\u0645\\u0646\\u0627\\u0633\\u0628 (\\u0645\\u062b\\u0644\\u0627\\u064b\\u00a0<a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/vcmstudy.ir\\\/%d9%86%d9%81%d8%aa-%d8%b3%d9%81%db%8c%d8%af%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%ae%d8%aa-%d8%ac%d8%aa-kerosene\\\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">\\u0646\\u0641\\u062a \\u0633\\u0641\\u06cc\\u062f<\\\/a>\\u00a0\\u06cc\\u0627\\u00a0<a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/vcmstudy.ir\\\/%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%b2%db%8c%d9%86-gasoline\\\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">\\u0628\\u0646\\u0632\\u06cc\\u0646<\\\/a>) \\u06af\\u0641\\u062a\\u0647 \\u0645\\u06cc\\u200c\\u0634\\u0648\\u062f. \\u0627\\u06cc\\u0646 \\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u062f\\u0631 \\u062f\\u0631\\u062c\\u0647 \\u200c\\u062d\\u0631\\u0627\\u0631\\u062a \\u0645\\u062d\\u06cc\\u0637 \\u0645\\u0627\\u06cc\\u0639 \\u0627\\u0633\\u062a \\u0648 \\u06cc\\u0627 \\u0628\\u0627 \\u062d\\u0631\\u0627\\u0631\\u062a \\u06a9\\u0645\\u06cc \\u0628\\u0647 \\u0645\\u0627\\u06cc\\u0639 \\u062a\\u0628\\u062f\\u06cc\\u0644 \\u0645\\u06cc\\u200c\\u0634\\u0648\\u062f. \\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u0645\\u062e\\u0644\\u0648\\u0637 \\u062f\\u0631 \\u0627\\u0646\\u0648\\u0627\\u0639 \\u0622\\u0633\\u0641\\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u200c\\u0647\\u0627\\u06cc \\u067e\\u0648\\u0634\\u0634\\u06cc\\u00a0\\u0645\\u0648\\u0631\\u062f \\u0627\\u0633\\u062a\\u0641\\u0627\\u062f\\u0647 \\u0642\\u0631\\u0627\\u0631 \\u0645\\u06cc\\u200c\\u06af\\u06cc\\u0631\\u062f.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><strong>\\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u0627\\u0645\\u0648\\u0644\\u0633\\u06cc\\u0648\\u0646 (Emulsion Bitumen):<\\\/strong><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>\\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631\\u0627\\u0628\\u0647 (\\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u0627\\u0645\\u0648\\u0644\\u0633\\u06cc\\u0648\\u0646) \\u0628\\u0627 \\u0645\\u062e\\u0644\\u0648\\u0637 \\u06a9\\u0631\\u062f\\u0646 \\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u0648 \\u0622\\u0628 \\u0648 \\u06cc\\u06a9 \\u0645\\u0627\\u062f\\u0647 \\u0627\\u0645\\u0648\\u0644\\u0633\\u06cc\\u0648\\u0646 \\u0633\\u0627\\u0632 \\u0628\\u0647\\u200c\\u062f\\u0633\\u062a \\u0645\\u06cc\\u200c\\u0622\\u06cc\\u062f. \\u0645\\u0642\\u062f\\u0627\\u0631 \\u0645\\u0627\\u062f\\u0647 \\u0627\\u0645\\u0648\\u0644\\u0633\\u06cc\\u0648\\u0646 \\u0633\\u0627\\u0632 \\u0628\\u0633\\u06cc\\u0627\\u0631 \\u06a9\\u0645 \\u0648 \\u062f\\u0631 \\u062d\\u062f\\u0648\\u062f \\u06f0\\u066b\\u06f3 \\u062a\\u0627 \\u06f0\\u066b\\u06f5 \\u062f\\u0631\\u0635\\u062f \\u0648\\u0632\\u0646 \\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u0645\\u06cc\\u200c\\u0628\\u0627\\u0634\\u062f. \\u0645\\u0642\\u062f\\u0627\\u0631 \\u0622\\u0628 \\u0645\\u0635\\u0631\\u0641\\u06cc \\u0627\\u06cc\\u0646 \\u0646\\u0648\\u0639 \\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u062f\\u0631 \\u062d\\u062f\\u0648\\u062f \\u06f3\\u06f0 \\u062a\\u0627 \\u06f5\\u06f0 \\u062f\\u0631\\u0635\\u062f \\u0648\\u0632\\u0646 \\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u0645\\u06cc\\u200c\\u0628\\u0627\\u0634\\u062f. \\u0627\\u0632 \\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u0627\\u0645\\u0648\\u0644\\u0633\\u06cc\\u0648\\u0646\\u06cc \\u0628\\u0631\\u0627\\u06cc \\u0622\\u0633\\u0641\\u0627\\u0644\\u062a \\u0633\\u0631\\u062f \\u062f\\u0631 \\u0645\\u062d\\u06cc\\u0637\\u200c\\u0647\\u0627\\u06cc \\u0645\\u0631\\u0637\\u0648\\u0628 \\u06cc\\u0627 \\u0628\\u0631\\u0627\\u06cc \\u0639\\u0627\\u06cc\\u0642 \\u06a9\\u0627\\u0631\\u06cc \\u0627\\u0633\\u062a\\u0641\\u0627\\u062f\\u0647 \\u0645\\u06cc\\u200c\\u0634\\u0648\\u062f \\u06a9\\u0647 \\u062f\\u0631 \\u0627\\u06cc\\u0646 \\u0635\\u0648\\u0631\\u062a \\u0628\\u0627\\u06cc\\u062f \\u062f\\u0648\\u0628\\u0627\\u0631\\u0647 \\u0628\\u0647 \\u0622\\u0646 \\u0622\\u0628 \\u0627\\u0636\\u0627\\u0641\\u0647 \\u06a9\\u0631\\u062f \\u0648 \\u0645\\u062d\\u062a\\u0648\\u0627\\u06cc \\u0622\\u0646 \\u0631\\u0627 \\u0628\\u0647 \\u062d\\u062f\\u0648\\u062f \\u06f6\\u06f5 \\u062f\\u0631\\u0635\\u062f \\u0631\\u0633\\u0627\\u0646\\u062f.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><strong>\\u0642\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u067e\\u0644\\u06cc\\u0645\\u0631\\u06cc<\\\/strong><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>\\u0631\\u0627 \\u062a\\u0634\\u06a9\\u06cc\\u0644 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